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High-Dynamic-Range, Direct Up-/Downconversion
1500MHz to 2500MHz Quadrature Mod/Demod
MAX5873
DUAL DAC
MAX4395
QUAD AMP
MAX2021/MAX2023
MAX2058/MAX2059
RF DIGITAL VGAs
I
12
90 °
0 °
∑
31dB
17dB
31dB
RFOUT
Q
12
SPI
LOGIC
MAX9491
LOOPBACK
OUT
(FEEDS BACK
Rx
OFF
SPI
CONTROL
VCO + SYNTH
45, 80,
OR
INTO Rx CHAIN
FRONT-END)
95MHz LO
Figure 2. Complete Transmitter Lineup for GSM/EDGE DCS/PCS-Band Base Stations
stopband attenuation are sufficiently good to ensure that
the 3GPP noise floor requirement is met for large fre-
quency offsets, 60MHz for example, with no filtering
required on the RF output of the modulator.
Figure 1 illustrates the ease and efficiency of interfac-
ing the MAX2023 with a Maxim DAC, in this case the
MAX5895 dual 16-bit interpolating-modulating DAC.
The MAX5895 DAC has programmable gain and differ-
ential offset controls built in. These can be used to opti-
mize the LO leakage and sideband suppression of the
MAX2023 quadrature modulator.
GSM Transmitter Applications
The MAX2023 is an ideal modulator for a zero-IF (ZIF),
single-carrier GSM transmitter. The device’s wide dynamic
range enables a very efficient overall transmitter architec-
ture. Figure 2 illustrates the exceptionally simple complete
lineup for a high-performance GSM/EDGE transmitter.
The single-carrier GSM transmit lineup generates base-
band I and Q signals from a simple 12-bit dual DAC
such as the MAX5873. The DAC clock rate can be a
multiple of the GSM system clock rate of 13MHz. The
ground-referenced outputs of the dual DAC are filtered
by simple discrete element lowpass filters to attenuate
both the DAC images and the noise floor. The I and Q
baseband signals are then level shifted and amplified
by a MAX4395 quad operational amplifier, configured
as a differential input/output amplifier. This amplifier
can deliver a baseband power level of greater than
12
+15dBm to the MAX2023, enabling very high RF output
power levels. The MAX2023 will deliver up to +5dBm
for GSM vectors with full conformance to the required
system specifications with large margins. The excep-
tionally low phase noise of the MAX2023 allows the cir-
cuit to meet the GSM system level noise requirements
with no additional RF filters required, greatly simplifying
the overall lineup.
The output of the MAX2023 drives a MAX2059 RF VGA,
which can deliver up to +15dBm of GSM carrier power
and includes a very flexible digitally controlled attenuator
with over 56dB of adjustment range. This accommodates
the full static and dynamic power-control requirements,
with extra range for lineup gain compensation.
RF Output
The MAX2023 utilizes an internal passive mixer archi-
tecture that enables the device to possess an excep-
tionally low-output noise floor. With such architectures,
the total output noise is typically a power summation of
the theoretical thermal noise (kTB) and the noise contri-
bution from the on-chip LO buffer circuitry. As demon-
strated in the Typical Operating Characteristics, the
MAX2023’s output noise approaches the thermal limit
of -174dBm/Hz for lower output power levels. As the
output power increases, the noise level tracks the noise
contribution from the LO buffer circuitry, which is
approximately -165dBc/Hz.
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